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	<title>Comments on: Africa&#8217;s brain drain</title>
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		<title>By: Yann</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-529</link>
		<dc:creator>Yann</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2005 21:45:27 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>We have to hope that one day, a balance between north and south, east and west, will be reached...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We have to hope that one day, a balance between north and south, east and west, will be reached&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: alex</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-528</link>
		<dc:creator>alex</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 18:07:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-528</guid>
		<description>Ok, this is my last attempt at this, as replying to people that haven&#039;t actually read what I wrote is starting to eat up a lot of time.  

The point I was making is that the paragraph in question was taken totally out of context - in the rest of the report remmittances are considered, the reasons for migration are considered etc etc, the whole issue is presented as highly complex.  Also restrictions on migration are rejected out of hand and a range of measures, including reparations from rich to developing countries (and explicitly not a tax on migrant labour), measures to increase the useful contribution of remittances, measures to increase international research networks, to share (on non-commercial terms) teaching materials and access to research facilities, to promote exchanges etc etc are all also suggested as areas for debate.  In fact all the suggestions are not policy reccomendations but suggestions for debate.  Conveniently the person that was quoted in the Guardian chose not to mention these things, leading in my opinion to a gross misrepresentation of the actuality, the tone and the argument of the whole report.

The point about protocols is not raised in the report as protectionism other than expansive protectionism of everyone, and trade unions standing in solidarity.  Other suggestions include supporting the upholding of core labour standards, of mutual trade union recognition agreements, and supporting developing country trade unions through sharing membership fees etc.  All this comes from a secondary review (i was never asked or given the resources to conduct primary research - the whole thing was ten days work) of literature produced mainly by African academics writing on the issue - look at the websites in SA and Zimbabwe in particular.  

It is also explicitly stated that the numbers of foriegn nationals woirking in UK HE are insignificant in terms of the UK labour market - and that UK HE needs these workers, because of skills gaps in HE and an ageing workforce.  The whole thrust of the report is that the UK benefits enormously from skilled (and indeed other migration).  Protocols are suggested for debate as a means of leverage to try to enhance the benefits that could accrue to developing countries from the &#039;brain drain&#039;.  I now recognise that this paragraph can be taken out of context and substantially misinterpreted - this is what the Guardian column does, and this is what I object to.  As such that paragraph has been redrafted to ensure full clarity and that it cannot be taken out of context and misrepresented.  However, the basic point is that the report was never about &quot;a racist, discriminatory policy&quot; against skilled black Africans&quot;&quot; as you say.  It was about international solidarity and reflecting the concerns raised by African trade unions through Education International.

As I say, I have no intention of carrying on this debate as it seems clear that there is no way of making somebody believe the intentions behind the report and the material in it, if this is not what they want/choose to hear.  However, (not that I suppose it matters) I would though point out that I find it absolutely objectionable/offensive/hurtful to be misrepresented in this way when such views are completely opposite to my own.  I also think that it is highly dangerous to jump on anything that mentions migration and label it as right wing and racist - this risks vacating all that ground to the right - something that posts higher up in this thread seem not to want.

Finally, I think we are on the same side(!), and it is an enormous shame that unity in opposition to the racists who comment regularly on migration issues is fractured in this way.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ok, this is my last attempt at this, as replying to people that haven&#8217;t actually read what I wrote is starting to eat up a lot of time.  </p>
<p>The point I was making is that the paragraph in question was taken totally out of context &#8211; in the rest of the report remmittances are considered, the reasons for migration are considered etc etc, the whole issue is presented as highly complex.  Also restrictions on migration are rejected out of hand and a range of measures, including reparations from rich to developing countries (and explicitly not a tax on migrant labour), measures to increase the useful contribution of remittances, measures to increase international research networks, to share (on non-commercial terms) teaching materials and access to research facilities, to promote exchanges etc etc are all also suggested as areas for debate.  In fact all the suggestions are not policy reccomendations but suggestions for debate.  Conveniently the person that was quoted in the Guardian chose not to mention these things, leading in my opinion to a gross misrepresentation of the actuality, the tone and the argument of the whole report.</p>
<p>The point about protocols is not raised in the report as protectionism other than expansive protectionism of everyone, and trade unions standing in solidarity.  Other suggestions include supporting the upholding of core labour standards, of mutual trade union recognition agreements, and supporting developing country trade unions through sharing membership fees etc.  All this comes from a secondary review (i was never asked or given the resources to conduct primary research &#8211; the whole thing was ten days work) of literature produced mainly by African academics writing on the issue &#8211; look at the websites in SA and Zimbabwe in particular.  </p>
<p>It is also explicitly stated that the numbers of foriegn nationals woirking in UK HE are insignificant in terms of the UK labour market &#8211; and that UK HE needs these workers, because of skills gaps in HE and an ageing workforce.  The whole thrust of the report is that the UK benefits enormously from skilled (and indeed other migration).  Protocols are suggested for debate as a means of leverage to try to enhance the benefits that could accrue to developing countries from the &#8216;brain drain&#8217;.  I now recognise that this paragraph can be taken out of context and substantially misinterpreted &#8211; this is what the Guardian column does, and this is what I object to.  As such that paragraph has been redrafted to ensure full clarity and that it cannot be taken out of context and misrepresented.  However, the basic point is that the report was never about &#8220;a racist, discriminatory policy&#8221; against skilled black Africans&#8221;" as you say.  It was about international solidarity and reflecting the concerns raised by African trade unions through Education International.</p>
<p>As I say, I have no intention of carrying on this debate as it seems clear that there is no way of making somebody believe the intentions behind the report and the material in it, if this is not what they want/choose to hear.  However, (not that I suppose it matters) I would though point out that I find it absolutely objectionable/offensive/hurtful to be misrepresented in this way when such views are completely opposite to my own.  I also think that it is highly dangerous to jump on anything that mentions migration and label it as right wing and racist &#8211; this risks vacating all that ground to the right &#8211; something that posts higher up in this thread seem not to want.</p>
<p>Finally, I think we are on the same side(!), and it is an enormous shame that unity in opposition to the racists who comment regularly on migration issues is fractured in this way.</p>
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		<title>By: owukori</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-527</link>
		<dc:creator>owukori</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 17:57:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-527</guid>
		<description>Yes it is true that India has managed to create a lucrative medical tourist industry.  It is just a shame that it has not been able to provide adequate medical care for the majority of its citizens.  Furthermore it is also a fact that organs sales are rampant in India whereby the poor are encourage to sell their organs (generally kidneys). Now who buys these organs?  Israelis are apparently the number one purchasers of Indian organs followed by other Western nations. Funny how things go!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes it is true that India has managed to create a lucrative medical tourist industry.  It is just a shame that it has not been able to provide adequate medical care for the majority of its citizens.  Furthermore it is also a fact that organs sales are rampant in India whereby the poor are encourage to sell their organs (generally kidneys). Now who buys these organs?  Israelis are apparently the number one purchasers of Indian organs followed by other Western nations. Funny how things go!</p>
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		<title>By: imnakoya</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-526</link>
		<dc:creator>imnakoya</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 08:52:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-526</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m a little late jumping in, but I will regardless. Yes, the government has a role to play in all this. But what is the role of the private sector? Check out India, the country is palgued with a lot of problems like many African nations, however, they have been able to entice foreigners to come to India for medical treatment, at a cheaper cost and yet make impressive profit. See my post Medical Tourism in Nigeria &lt;a href=&quot;http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2005/06/medical-tourism-in-nigeria.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2005/06/medical-tourism-in-nigeria.html&lt;/a&gt;
You may also read: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid By CK Prahalad. 
It is unfortunate that we can no longer expect the government to do everything, in fact this is no longer feasible in some parts of Africa.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m a little late jumping in, but I will regardless. Yes, the government has a role to play in all this. But what is the role of the private sector? Check out India, the country is palgued with a lot of problems like many African nations, however, they have been able to entice foreigners to come to India for medical treatment, at a cheaper cost and yet make impressive profit. See my post Medical Tourism in Nigeria <a href="http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2005/06/medical-tourism-in-nigeria.html" rel="nofollow">http://grandioseparlor.blogspot.com/2005/06/medical-tourism-in-nigeria.html</a><br />
You may also read: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid By CK Prahalad.<br />
It is unfortunate that we can no longer expect the government to do everything, in fact this is no longer feasible in some parts of Africa.</p>
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		<title>By: owukori</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-525</link>
		<dc:creator>owukori</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 05:09:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-525</guid>
		<description>I assume you are referring to my last comment on the Guardian reports rather than the intial post?  However I am not sure what exactly you are trying to say here? Your report may well be 70 pages long but if only one two or three paragraphs refer to the Guardian report then I stand and I believe so too would the African lecturers by the final paragraph 

 &quot;AFrican lecturers are quite rightly accusing the government and the trade unions of &quot;using their benign concern about the brain drain as a cover for &quot;a racist, discriminatory policy&quot; against skilled black Africans&quot;.

With regard to remittances why is it that people always assume that they consist simply of monies sent to individuals or families.  Much of the remittances monies are actually used for start up busineses, such as factories, farms, shops, professional services, services and so on thus creating jobs and having a positive affect on the local economy.  I personally know of many such businesses in Nigeria alone. Another example is the Moroccan town of Beni Mellal in the central Middle Atlas  which I visited just two months ago. The town is prosperous and booming all due to the remittances sent home by its citizens mainly in Italy but a few in Spain over the past 15 years.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I assume you are referring to my last comment on the Guardian reports rather than the intial post?  However I am not sure what exactly you are trying to say here? Your report may well be 70 pages long but if only one two or three paragraphs refer to the Guardian report then I stand and I believe so too would the African lecturers by the final paragraph </p>
<p> &#8220;AFrican lecturers are quite rightly accusing the government and the trade unions of &#8220;using their benign concern about the brain drain as a cover for &#8220;a racist, discriminatory policy&#8221; against skilled black Africans&#8221;.</p>
<p>With regard to remittances why is it that people always assume that they consist simply of monies sent to individuals or families.  Much of the remittances monies are actually used for start up busineses, such as factories, farms, shops, professional services, services and so on thus creating jobs and having a positive affect on the local economy.  I personally know of many such businesses in Nigeria alone. Another example is the Moroccan town of Beni Mellal in the central Middle Atlas  which I visited just two months ago. The town is prosperous and booming all due to the remittances sent home by its citizens mainly in Italy but a few in Spain over the past 15 years.</p>
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		<title>By: Alex</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-524</link>
		<dc:creator>Alex</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 00:21:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-524</guid>
		<description>Owukori draws attention to a discussion paper that I wrote for AUT/Natfhe which has attracted some very negative comment from people who chose to read one paragraph out of the 70-some pages in the report completely out of context. In fact the report is largely concerned with the circular problem of underdevelopment - a term I am not entirely comfortable with and elsewhere am critical of - which is the cause of skilled migration as people make rational choices to employ their skills where they can be put to use.  In fact then my report is fully in line with the comments that you yourself make.  It also concentrates heavilly on the remmittance issue, which it argues is problematic rather than insignificant - ie yes the scale of remmittances is staggering and more than aid, but accrues unequally and from an economics point of view can have undesired effects on national economic development (ie import dependency etc). However, this is presented as a highly complex issue and one of my suggestions was to look at ways that remmittances could be channelled to the sort of developmentally orietnted uses you highlight.

Finally, the report is clear that the UK (read wider developed world) benefits massively from skilled migration from developing countries, and that developed economies are seeking to gain further by designing differentiated immigration policies to attract the skilled (and this is associated with neo-colonialism) while rejecting others - who in fact might have a greater NEED to migrate.  This criticism is though muted as the aim of the document was to inform lobbying with govt, who would not necessarilly listen to a rant against existing policy. The point is though that it was in no way part of the sort of immigration agenda that those who have criticised the work have tried to claim it is.  In fact, the report also makes clear that the UK HE system needs immigration to fill skills gaps and that existing levels of immigration from the least developed countries are insignificant in terms of teh scale of the UK labour force, though not necessarilly in terms of developing country labour forces.

Not sure why I bothether to contribute to this list but I did think it worth putting the record straight.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Owukori draws attention to a discussion paper that I wrote for AUT/Natfhe which has attracted some very negative comment from people who chose to read one paragraph out of the 70-some pages in the report completely out of context. In fact the report is largely concerned with the circular problem of underdevelopment &#8211; a term I am not entirely comfortable with and elsewhere am critical of &#8211; which is the cause of skilled migration as people make rational choices to employ their skills where they can be put to use.  In fact then my report is fully in line with the comments that you yourself make.  It also concentrates heavilly on the remmittance issue, which it argues is problematic rather than insignificant &#8211; ie yes the scale of remmittances is staggering and more than aid, but accrues unequally and from an economics point of view can have undesired effects on national economic development (ie import dependency etc). However, this is presented as a highly complex issue and one of my suggestions was to look at ways that remmittances could be channelled to the sort of developmentally orietnted uses you highlight.</p>
<p>Finally, the report is clear that the UK (read wider developed world) benefits massively from skilled migration from developing countries, and that developed economies are seeking to gain further by designing differentiated immigration policies to attract the skilled (and this is associated with neo-colonialism) while rejecting others &#8211; who in fact might have a greater NEED to migrate.  This criticism is though muted as the aim of the document was to inform lobbying with govt, who would not necessarilly listen to a rant against existing policy. The point is though that it was in no way part of the sort of immigration agenda that those who have criticised the work have tried to claim it is.  In fact, the report also makes clear that the UK HE system needs immigration to fill skills gaps and that existing levels of immigration from the least developed countries are insignificant in terms of teh scale of the UK labour force, though not necessarilly in terms of developing country labour forces.</p>
<p>Not sure why I bothether to contribute to this list but I did think it worth putting the record straight.</p>
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		<title>By: Ms. World</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-523</link>
		<dc:creator>Ms. World</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2005 23:08:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-523</guid>
		<description>Great post! I&#039;m still formulating ideas about it. Thanks so much for keeping me informed.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great post! I&#8217;m still formulating ideas about it. Thanks so much for keeping me informed.</p>
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		<title>By: owukori</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-522</link>
		<dc:creator>owukori</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2005 22:46:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-522</guid>
		<description>The Guardian reports  (African research angers lecturers) on a TUC (Trade Union Congress) and government funded study into the effects of the &quot;brain drain&quot; on higher education in developing countries.   The  teachers unions, Nafthe and AUT are calling for the government to restrict Black Africans from taking up jobs in British universities and colleges. 


&quot;The Natfhe report calls for a new restrictive protocol on the recruitment of academics. It says: &quot;Protocols should include minimum acceptable standards and ensure that collective bargaining and the relative position of academic labour in the UK is not disadvantaged by international recruitment.&quot;

AFrican lecturers are quite rightly accusing the government and the trade unions of 

&quot;using their benign concern about the brain drain as a cover for &quot;a racist, discriminatory policy&quot; against skilled black Africans&quot;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Guardian reports  (African research angers lecturers) on a TUC (Trade Union Congress) and government funded study into the effects of the &#8220;brain drain&#8221; on higher education in developing countries.   The  teachers unions, Nafthe and AUT are calling for the government to restrict Black Africans from taking up jobs in British universities and colleges. </p>
<p>&#8220;The Natfhe report calls for a new restrictive protocol on the recruitment of academics. It says: &#8220;Protocols should include minimum acceptable standards and ensure that collective bargaining and the relative position of academic labour in the UK is not disadvantaged by international recruitment.&#8221;</p>
<p>AFrican lecturers are quite rightly accusing the government and the trade unions of </p>
<p>&#8220;using their benign concern about the brain drain as a cover for &#8220;a racist, discriminatory policy&#8221; against skilled black Africans&#8221;.</p>
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		<title>By: clarius ugwuoha</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-521</link>
		<dc:creator>clarius ugwuoha</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2005 06:33:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-521</guid>
		<description>We cannot expect any better of the situation. The pool of emmigrants would otherwise have been wasted in their &#039;third world&#039; countries, as jobless, under-equipped practitioners or outright societal misfits. The massive brain drain, a form of neo colonialisation, is a sad and sordid reality that has to be reversed, not by fiats or edits but by masses-oriented and economy-friendly policies.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We cannot expect any better of the situation. The pool of emmigrants would otherwise have been wasted in their &#8216;third world&#8217; countries, as jobless, under-equipped practitioners or outright societal misfits. The massive brain drain, a form of neo colonialisation, is a sad and sordid reality that has to be reversed, not by fiats or edits but by masses-oriented and economy-friendly policies.</p>
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		<title>By: Kimani</title>
		<link>http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-520</link>
		<dc:creator>Kimani</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2005 04:12:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.blacklooks.org/2005/05/africas_brain_drain.html#comment-520</guid>
		<description>Owukori,
we are in agreement.  I just wrote a post on my blog which you can take a look at and will try and get it into a newspaper this coming week.  The health system in Africa it is true is in a crisis.  In Kenya however, most people are getting their care from private clinics which are often quite bad.  The health profesional will stay - they want to desperately - if they are given further opportunities to set themselves up independently without all the problems the government put in their path. The salaries are bad because an inordinate amount of tax money is used to pay for bloated bureacracies that extend patronage.  The people have too little money because the state is determined to manage every last bit of the economy.  Of course doctors and nurses should stay, and they want to.  So whose fault is it?  Not the patients and the carers, it is the middle man: our governments.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Owukori,<br />
we are in agreement.  I just wrote a post on my blog which you can take a look at and will try and get it into a newspaper this coming week.  The health system in Africa it is true is in a crisis.  In Kenya however, most people are getting their care from private clinics which are often quite bad.  The health profesional will stay &#8211; they want to desperately &#8211; if they are given further opportunities to set themselves up independently without all the problems the government put in their path. The salaries are bad because an inordinate amount of tax money is used to pay for bloated bureacracies that extend patronage.  The people have too little money because the state is determined to manage every last bit of the economy.  Of course doctors and nurses should stay, and they want to.  So whose fault is it?  Not the patients and the carers, it is the middle man: our governments.</p>
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